Frameworks & ecosystem
The tools most Python projects are built on.
Full-stack web
Django
ORM, admin, auth and migrations included.
APIs
FastAPI
Async APIs with automatic OpenAPI docs from type hints.
Micro web
Flask
Minimal core with extensions.
Data
NumPy / pandas / Polars
Arrays and data frames.
Data access & validation
SQLAlchemy / Pydantic
ORM / SQL toolkit and type-driven validation.
Testing
pytest
The standard choice for Python testing.
Background jobs
Celery
Distributed task queue.
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